Philosophers from the past and present have written many, many books on these aspects of knowledge and action and Aristotle himself has written three other books including Categories, Bariminyaas (The Interpretation), The First Analytics and the Kitab al-Burhan – also known as the Second Analytics.
Proof is the weighing scale used by scholars to discern the true from the false in word, the worthy from the poor in opinion, the right from the wrong in belief and the good from the bad in deed. Just as masses use scales, weights and rulers to determine the exact dimensions of materials in order to remove differences of opinion. Another example is how poets use metres to judge the poetic harmony of a given verse.